地铁车站超宽深基坑内既有高架桥梁桩基托换关键技术研究

佛山地铁2号线换乘车站张槎站基坑宽50.3 m,深16.9 m,局部位于既有禅西大道桥下（净高仅7 m）。为解决低矮空间下超宽深基坑支护、既有高架桥桩基托换等难题,提出如下技术措施： 1)采用高桩承台桩基托换技术对位于车站中央桥桩进行托换,托换承台高于车站基坑面,基坑内支撑穿过新旧桩基形成对撑,内支撑与新旧桩相对独立; 2)地下连续墙幅宽调整为4 m,采用小型钻机成槽,以改善桥下施工工艺; 3)地下连续墙与两侧既有桩之间增加防塌孔措施; 4)基坑内支撑均采用混凝土支撑并加临时立柱以增加内支撑稳定性。以上措施解决了托换体系与车站基坑相互影响的问题,确保了低矮空间下超宽深基坑施工安全及既有桩基的安全。经数值计算论证、现场施工验证,提出的超宽深基坑内既有高架桥梁桩基托换关键技术是合理、安全、可行的。     

BIM技术在长江上游铁水联运翻车机系统中的应用

针对长江上游铁水联运翻车机系统装卸流程复杂、设备与管线干涉多、室内布局紧凑、施工作业面窄等难点,采用BIM技术进行了多专业协同设计、干涉检查、模拟分析、动态交付及施工管控等应用研究,探索并实践了大型散货项目BIM实施的技术路线,为类似工程的BIM实施提供方法借鉴。分析表明:BIM技术可与复杂工程项目紧密融合,有助于提升设计、施工等阶段的效率、质量,以及指导项目实施和成本控制,在水运交通行业的潜能值得深度挖掘。     

低碳型集装箱港区港内道路规划方案优选

合理的港内道路路网结构及交通组织是集装箱港口作业效率提升以及节能减排的重要保证。提出利用集装箱港区生产作业智能体微观交通仿真模型模拟集装箱生产作业流程,并以集装箱港口服务水平和集卡日均碳排放成本作为指标,优选低碳型集装箱港区港内道路规划方案。应用实例表明,集装箱港区生产作业智能体微观交通仿真模型可有效模拟港内作业过程,通过对比分析不同道路规划方案下的评价指标,得到最优的港内道路规划方案,为港区道路规划与设计提供参考。     

低长径比浮式圆柱涡激运动实验研究

为研究低长径比浮式圆柱涡激运动响应,对其进行了水槽模型实验研究。测试了三种长径比(L/D=2.5、2.0、1.5)圆柱在不同来流速度下的运动响应及顺流向、横流向动水压力,从响应幅值、涡泄频率、受力分析等多个角度出发,分析其涡激运动的关键特征。研究表明:涡激运动响应幅值随长径比的减小呈降低趋势,这种趋势在锁定阶段更加明显;涡激运动锁定区前后阶段,涡泄频率与固有频率比值随约化速度呈线性增加,锁定区前St≈0.18,锁定区后St数小于0.18,且随长径比的减小而减小。     

客运枢纽"人群迷路区"的快速识别与优化 ——以北京南站为例

为缓解大型客运枢纽因诱导服务不到位而产生的人流拥堵问题，采用室内WiFi 定位技术和Mysql获取行人交通流分布热力图，通过百度地图坐标拾取系统识别人流聚集区的具体位置。通过定义迷路人群的交通特征参数，提出“人群迷路区”概念；应用视频识别追踪技术，分析行人速度与加速度的方差，于人流密集区运用视频识别技术寻找“人群迷路区”。最后以北京南站为例进行实地调研，利用调研数据识别北京南站的“人群迷路区”。基于人群速度与加速度方差，“人群迷路区”被分为四类：单纯人流聚集区、因标识不足而产生的人群迷路区、因标识过于复杂而产生的人群迷路区、因商业设施或障碍物遮挡而产生的人群迷路区。同时提出加大商业活动监管力度、简化部分引导标识、增加其他交通方式换乘区域标识等优化方法，可使人群行进效率提高约25%。     

The identification and empirical characterization of vehicular (Lagrangian) fundamental diagrams in multilane traffic flow

Traditional macroscopic traffic flow modeling framework adopts the spatial–temporal coordinate system to analyze traffic flow dynamics. With such modeling and analysis paradigm, complications arise for traffic flow data collected from mobile sensors such as probe vehicles equipped with mobile phones, Bluetooth, and Global Positioning System devices. The vehicle‐based measurement technologies call for new modeling thoughts that address the unique features of moving measurements and explore their full potential. In this paper, we look into the concept of vehicular fundamental diagram (VFD) and discuss its engineering implications. VFD corresponds to a conventional fundamental diagram (FD) in the kinematic wave (KW) theory that adopts space–time coordinates. Similar to the regular FD in the KW theory, VFD encapsulates all traffic flow dynamics. In this paper, to demonstrate the full potential of VFD in interpreting multilane traffic flow dynamics, we generalize the classical Edie's formula and propose a direct approach of reconstructing VFD from traffic measurements in the vehicular coordinates. A smoothing algorithm is proposed to effectively reduce the nonphysical fluctuation of traffic states calculated from multilane vehicle trajectories. As an example, we apply the proposed methodology to explore the next‐generation simulation datasets and identify the existence and forms of shock waves in different coordinate systems. Our findings provide empirical justifications and further insight for the Lagrangian traffic flow theory and models when applied in practice. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Policy packages for modal shift and CO2 reduction in Lille,France

This paper proposes different policy scenarios to cut CO₂ emissions caused by the urban mobility of passengers. More precisely, we compare the effects of the ‘direct tool’ of carbon tax, to a combination of ‘indirect tools’ – not originally aimed at reducing CO₂ (i.e. congestion charging, parking charges and a reduction in public transport travel time) in terms of CO₂ impacts through a change in the modal split. In our model, modal choices depend on individual characteristics, trip features (including the effects of policy tools), and land use at origin and destination zones. Personal “CO₂ emissions budgets” resulting from the trips observed in the metropolitan area of Lille (France) in 2006 are calculated and compared to the situation related to the different policy scenarios. We find that an increase of 50% in parking charges combined with a cordon toll of €1.20 and a 10% travel time decrease in public transport services (made after recycling toll-revenues) is the winning scenario. The combined effects of all the policy scenarios are superior to their separate effects.     

Towards data-driven car-following models

Car following models have been studied with many diverse approaches for decades. Nowadays, technological advances have significantly improved our traffic data collection capabilities. Conventional car following models rely on mathematical formulas and are derived from traffic flow theory; a property that often makes them more restrictive. On the other hand, data-driven approaches are more flexible and allow the incorporation of additional information to the model; however, they may not provide as much insight into traffic flow theory as the traditional models. In this research, an innovative methodological framework based on a data-driven approach is proposed for the estimation of car-following models, suitable for incorporation into microscopic traffic simulation models. An existing technique, i.e. locally weighted regression (loess), is defined through an optimization problem and is employed in a novel way. The proposed methodology is demonstrated using data collected from a sequence of instrumented vehicles in Naples, Italy. Gipps’ model, one of the most extensively used car-following models, is calibrated against the same data and used as a reference benchmark. Optimization issues are raised in both cases. The obtained results suggest that data-driven car-following models could be a promising research direction.     

点汇聚系统的航空器污染物减排效应与机理

为研究点汇聚系统的环境效益及减排机理，采用考虑气象条件修正后的航空器性能、燃油 流量及污染物计算模型，设计了理想条件下非高峰时刻与实际运行的高峰时刻两种场景，对比分 析了航空器在点汇聚系统与标准进场程序中污染物(即HC、CO、NOX、SOX和PM)的排放情况，并 从飞行时间、燃油消耗与排放指数3个方面分析了点汇聚系统的减排机理、识别了减排关键因素。 研究发现：在非高峰时刻，点汇聚系统与标准进场程序的污染物排放总量分别为5.79 kg与7.17 kg， 点汇聚系统较标准进场程序共减少约19.25%污染物排放，对NOX、SOX和PM减排效果显著；在高 峰时刻，点汇聚系统与标准进场程序的污染物排放总量分别为290.01 kg与406.69 kg，点汇聚系 统较标准进场程序共减少28.69%污染物排放，其中NOX减排比例最高可达48.32%。结果表明： 无论是非高峰时刻还是高峰时刻，点汇聚系统都具有良好的环境效益，可有效减少污染物的排放 总量，且对NOX减排效果最佳；较短的飞行时间、较低的燃油流量是点汇聚系统体现减排优势的 关键驱动因素。     

考虑空车调配协调的货物列车开行方案优化研究

为实现空车调配与货物列车开行方案协调优化，结合基本运行图架构与车流径路，构建货运时空服务拓展网络。考虑配空与装卸取送、集编发等环节的时间接续要求，节点与区段不对流空车要求，以重车流全程运送与空车配送等广义总费用最少为目标，建立整数规划弧路模型。针对既有算法设计局限性，结合重车或空车配空的时间接续要求，提出将不同的 k 短路重车流方案与空车配空方案相关联的改进可行解构造方法，设计混合差分进化求解算法。实例研究表明，考虑空车调配进行重车、空车流组织协调优化，能够减少空车走行费用，及时满足装车需求，有效保证作业车流配合中转车流集结编组及时挂线，提高方案可实施性。